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Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

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Does cognitive reappraisal facilitate extinction?

Kaneez Fatima Dar1, Manish Kumar Asthana1,2

  • 1Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

Cognition & Emotion
|March 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive reappraisal did not enhance fear extinction or retention in a screaming lady fear conditioning paradigm. Effective fear extinction requires careful consideration of cognitive effort and situational factors.

Keywords:
Creative reappraisalextinction-retentionfear conditioningfear extinctionordinary reappraisal

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Extinction learning can fail, leading to fear relapse.
  • Strategies to reinforce fear extinction are needed.
  • Cognitive reappraisal is a top-down regulatory process investigated for fear reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate cognitive reappraisal's effect on fear extinction and retention.
  • Examine how different types of reappraisal influence fear responses.
  • Assess the impact of reappraisal on subjective and physiological fear measures.

Main Methods:

  • Screaming lady fear conditioning paradigm with 63 participants.
  • Random assignment to creative reappraisal, ordinary reappraisal, or standard extinction groups.
  • Measures included subjective fear, valence, expectancy ratings, and skin conductance response (SCR) across acquisition, extinction, and retest phases.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive reappraisal did not disrupt prediction error during extinction.
  • No enhanced effect of cognitive reappraisal on subjective or physiological fear responses was observed.
  • Findings suggest a gap between implementing cognitive reappraisal and achieving affective outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive reappraisal's effectiveness in fear extinction is not guaranteed.
  • Factors like cognitive effort, situation intensity, and implementation cost influence reappraisal success.
  • Future interventions should carefully consider these factors for effective cognitive reappraisal in fear extinction.