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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

238
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Autonomous and Rechargeable Microneurostimulator Endoscopically Implantable into the Submucosa
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A Wireless Implantable Closed-Loop Electrochemical Drug Delivery System.

Max L Wang, Pyungwoo Yeon, Mohammad Mofidfar

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |March 3, 2025
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    Summary

    This study introduces a closed-loop implantable drug delivery system (DDS) powered wirelessly by ultrasound. It achieves precise, reliable drug release using electrochemical control and feedback for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Implantable Devices
    • Drug Delivery Systems

    Background:

    • Wireless implantable drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer targeted, on-demand drug release.
    • Previous ultrasound-powered DDS faced challenges in power transfer and control reliability in vivo.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a closed-loop implantable DDS using ultrasound wireless power and communication.
    • To enable precise and reliable drug delivery through electrochemical control.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized piezoelectric transducers for wireless power and data transmission.
    • Incorporated a drug delivery module with electroresponsive nanoparticles.
    • Developed a custom CMOS integrated circuit with a programmable potentiostat for closed-loop control.
    • Implemented ultrasound power combining and rectifier voltage feedback for robust power transfer.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated in vitro closed-loop release control at 8 cm depth.
    • Achieved consistent 2 μg drug release across varying concentrations.
    • Reduced release amount variation by 39% through feedback-controlled stimulus voltage.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed closed-loop DDS effectively enables precise and reliable drug delivery.
    • Ultrasound wireless power and communication enhance implantable device functionality.
    • Electrochemical release mechanisms combined with closed-loop control improve drug delivery accuracy.