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    This study introduces a novel ray tracing beamformer to improve ultrasound imaging. The new method significantly enhances resolution and contrast for row-column arrays with lenses, overcoming limitations of previous thin lens models.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ultrasound imaging
    • Medical instrumentation
    • Acoustic beamforming

    Background:

    • Row-column (RC) arrays have limited fields of view (FOV).
    • Existing thin lens models for lensed RC arrays cause inaccuracies in time-of-flight (TOF) calculations, degrading image quality.
    • This limits the practical application of RC arrays in various imaging scenarios.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a new beamformer for lensed RC arrays that overcomes the limitations of the thin lens model.
    • To improve the accuracy of time-of-flight (TOF) calculations using ray tracing for enhanced ultrasound imaging.
    • To achieve a wider field of view (FOV) with improved resolution and contrast in ultrasound imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel beamformer utilizing ray tracing for precise TOF calculations was implemented.
    • A Verasonics Vantage 256 scanner with a Vermon RC probe was used for data acquisition.
    • Synthetic aperture ultrasound sequences were employed with specific configurations of virtual sources and active elements.

    Main Results:

    • The ray tracing method significantly improved lateral resolution by 4.6-fold compared to the thin lens model for a bicylindrical lens.
    • Image contrast was enhanced from 23.1 to 29.8 dB with the new method, while maintaining the field of view (FOV).
    • Spherical and bicylindrical lenses (polystyrene and PMMA) were tested, yielding FOVs of 20° and 33°, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed ray tracing beamformer accurately calculates TOF, leading to superior resolution and contrast in lensed RC ultrasound arrays.
    • This advancement effectively addresses the limitations of the thin lens model, enabling wider FOV imaging.
    • The developed method offers a significant improvement for ultrasound applications requiring high-resolution, wide-FOV imaging.