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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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A Nomogram Based on Ocular Hemodynamics for Predicting Ischemic Stroke.

Zhuo-Hua Zhou1, Xue-Ru Cheng1, Jia-Xin Guan1

  • 1From the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a nomogram using ocular hemodynamics to predict ischemic stroke risk. The model, incorporating ophthalmic artery resistance, shows promise for early diagnosis and intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability.
  • Ocular vascular characteristics can serve as indicators for cerebrovascular diseases due to physiological similarities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a nomogram prediction model for ischemic stroke risk.
  • To utilize ocular hemodynamic characteristics for stroke prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 337 patients.
  • Ultrasound assessment of ophthalmic, central retinal, and posterior ciliary artery hemodynamics.
  • Nomogram construction using logistic regression and validation with ROC, Hosmer-Lemeshow, and DCA.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and ophthalmic artery resistance index were identified as independent risk factors.
  • The nomogram demonstrated good predictive performance with AUCs of 0.790 (training) and 0.773 (validation).
  • The model showed clinical utility and benefit according to DCA.

Conclusions:

  • A nomogram combining traditional risk factors and ocular hemodynamics, specifically the ophthalmic artery resistance index, effectively predicts ischemic stroke.
  • This ocular hemodynamic-based model can enhance early diagnosis and intervention strategies for ischemic stroke.