miR-210: A non-invasive biomarker for hypoxia-driven lung cancer diagnosis and therapy

Lung cancer is one of the major cancer-related deaths in the world due to the low success rate in invasive diagnostic procedures and late staging. Hypoxia-associated molecular signatures have received attention due to a growing demand for non-invasive prognostic biomarkers, and miR-210 has been repoured as the only viable candidate. Tumor hypoxia is a characteristic of highly malignant lung cancer, and hypoxia-inducible factors increase miR-210 in this process as a way of allowing cancer cells to inhabit low oxygen conditions and grow further in lung cancer. MiR-210 takes up the responsibility of angiogenesis, survival, and metastasis. Notably, miR-210 is located downstream as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker because of its stability and measurability in biofluids, including serum and plasma. Existing techniques, which can accurately detect miR-210 employing liquid biopsy and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), provide sensitivity and specificity, making it possible for early detection of hypoxic cancers. In addition to diagnostics, miR-210 is a cure different from other existing treatments as they show lesser efficiency because of hypoxia-resistant genes that may be suppressed by using miR-210. While it holds great promise, such problems as biological variation and the uniformity of the detection techniques may need further research. MiR-210 holds significant possibilities in Lung cancer diagnosis and treatment; however, there is a need for further investigation and confirmation to place miR-210 in the list of biomarkers for customized medicine.