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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

461
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
324
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Monitoring the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Exploring Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics
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Monitoring the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Exploring Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics

Published on: June 7, 2024

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Immunotherapy in cancer.

Robert Zeiser1

  • 1Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
|March 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer immunotherapy faces challenges with resistance and side effects. New findings link oncogenic signaling to immune escape and identify spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in neuroinflammation, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Cancer immune escapeCancer immuno therapyImmune mediated side effectsOncogenic signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy has transformed treatment but faces limitations.
  • Therapy resistance and immune-mediated side effects hinder clinical success.
  • Recent advancements were presented at the 2024 ATT conference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss recent developments in overcoming immunotherapy resistance.
  • To explore the mechanisms behind immune-mediated side effects.
  • To highlight novel therapeutic targets for improved cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent findings presented at the 2024 ATT conference.
  • Analysis of the link between oncogenic signaling and immune evasion in cancer.
  • Investigation of mechanisms underlying anti-PD-1 immunotherapy-induced neuroinflammation.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy resistance is associated with cancer cell immune escape mechanisms.
  • A connection exists between oncogenic signaling and immune evasion, exemplified by the FLT3-ITD/ATF6/IL-15 axis in acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activation in microglia mediates anti-PD-1 immunotherapy-induced central nervous system inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding oncogenic signaling pathways is crucial for overcoming immunotherapy resistance.
  • Targeting Syk signaling may mitigate severe immune-mediated neuroinflammation.
  • These findings offer new strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy and safety.