Electromagnetic black holes with controllable composite right/left-handed transmission lines

Area of Science:

• Condensed matter physics
• Electromagnetism
• Analog gravity

Background:

• Hawking radiation from astrophysical black holes is too weak for direct detection.
• Analogue black holes offer a laboratory-based approach to studying black hole physics.
• Previous analogue systems have limitations in controlling or detecting radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To theoretically demonstrate the creation of an electromagnetic black hole (EBH) in a laboratory setting.
• To investigate the feasibility of detecting analogue Hawking radiation from such an EBH.
• To calculate the Hawking radiation temperature and particle production for a specific EBH model.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing a composite right/left-handed transmission line to control microwave signal group velocity.
• Defining an EBH horizon based on the critical behavior of group velocity matching solitary wave velocity.
• Calculating Hawking radiation temperature and particle production using circuit parameters.

Main Results:

• A theoretical model for an EBH is established in the co-moving coordinate system (velocity space).
• The horizon of the EBH is formed when the electromagnetic wave group velocity equals the voltage solitary wave velocity.
• Calculated Hawking radiation temperature can be enhanced to millikelvin (mK) levels, theoretically detectable with current technology.

Conclusions:

• Electromagnetic black holes can be constructed using controllable transmission lines.
• The proposed EBH model offers a potential pathway for experimental observation of analogue Hawking radiation.
• Enhanced Hawking radiation temperatures in the mK range suggest experimental verification is feasible with ultra-low temperature techniques.