A process evaluation of the walking in ScHools (WISH) study using the RE-AIM framework

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Adolescent Health
• School-based Interventions

Background:

• Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern among adolescents.
• Schools offer a crucial setting for implementing physical activity interventions.
• The WISH Study evaluated a peer-led, school-based walking program to boost physical activity in adolescent girls.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a process evaluation of the WISH Study using the RE-AIM Framework.
• To identify factors influencing participation, motivation, and enjoyment of the walking intervention.
• To assess the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the intervention.

Main Methods:

• Recruited 589 pupils (12-14 years) from 18 schools in Ireland and Northern Ireland.
• Trained older pupils (15-18 years) as walk leaders for brisk walks (10-15 min) during the school day.
• Collected quantitative data via questionnaires and attendance monitoring, and qualitative data through focus groups and interviews, analyzed thematically.

Main Results:

• 286 pupils in intervention schools were representative of the target demographic; 15% met physical activity guidelines at baseline.
• Walk participation varied, with 26% of pupils never attending and 15% of walk leaders not leading walks.
• Self-reported improvements in physical health, mental well-being, and social relationships were noted; implementation faced barriers like COVID-19 and time constraints, but staff engagement aided maintenance.

Conclusions:

• The WISH Study demonstrated varied intervention adoption and implementation despite a strong training program.
• Individual school contexts significantly impact the fidelity of school-based physical activity interventions.
• Future interventions must be adapted to specific school environments to enhance effectiveness and sustainability.