Phytochemical Profiling, Bioactive Potential and In Silico Analysis of Kydia calycina Roxb. Leaf Extracts

Area of Science:

• Phytochemistry
• Pharmacology
• Natural Products

Background:

• Kydia calycina Roxb. is a plant with traditional therapeutic uses.
• Understanding its phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities is crucial for validating its medicinal applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the phytochemical profile of Kydia calycina leaf extracts.
• To evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities of the extracts.
• To assess the effect of extracts on seed germination.

Main Methods:

• Extraction of Kydia calycina leaves using methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate.
• Phytochemical analysis using High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HRLC-MS).
• In vitro assays for antioxidant (DPPH, phosphomolybdenum reduction), anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition), and antimicrobial activities.
• Cytotoxicity assay against A549 cells.
• Seed germination assay for radish and amaranth.
• In silico molecular docking studies.

Main Results:

• HRLC-MS identified 46, 64, and 44 compounds in ethyl acetate, methanol, and ethanol extracts, respectively.
• The ethanolic extract displayed superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities.
• Ethyl acetate extract showed significant cytotoxicity against A549 cancer cells.
• In silico studies confirmed binding affinity of phytocompounds to target proteins.

Conclusions:

• Kydia calycina leaf extracts possess diverse pharmacological properties with significant therapeutic potential.
• The ethanolic extract is a promising candidate for developing treatments for inflammatory, diabetic, and infectious diseases.
• Further research into the anticancer properties and specific mechanisms of action is warranted.