Acute Leptospirosis Outbreak in Cattle: A Case Report.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Zoonotic Diseases
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira species, is a global zoonotic disease with varied clinical presentations in cattle.
• Infections range from subclinical chronic forms in adults to severe acute syndromes in calves.

Observation:

• An outbreak of acute bovine leptospirosis occurred following favorable climatic conditions across seven farms.
• Clinical signs included hyperacute disease and death in calves, and apathy, anorexia, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria in older cattle.

Findings:

• Necropsies confirmed jaundice and hemoglobinuria, supporting a leptospirosis diagnosis.
• Hematology and serology confirmed the outbreak, with Pomona and Mozdok serovars being most prevalent (62.5%).
• Highest mean agglutination titers were observed for Pomona (1:1160) and Mozdok (1:700).

Implications:

• Oxytetracycline was used for treatment, with chemical metaphylaxis and prophylactic measures implemented.
• Climate change is predicted to increase leptospirosis outbreaks, necessitating comprehensive serological surveys for control.
• Vaccination is emphasized as a practical and effective prophylactic measure for regional control strategies.