Effect of biotin supplementation and swimming training on oxidative stress and testicular function in male rats

Oxidative stress (OS) affects testicular function and is a significant cause of sperm cell dysfunction in males. The development of male infertility is closely linked to a sedentary lifestyle and diet. This study aimed to characterize the protective effects of biotin supplementation (BS) and swimming training (ST) on OS markers in the reproductive system of male rats. Forty male rats (200-250 g) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 per group) and treated for 28 days as follows: control, BS (this group received BS through oral gavage), ST, and BS + ST groups. Our results showed that glutathione (GSH) levels significantly increased in the BS, ST (p < 0.05), and BS + ST (p < 0.01) groups, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly decreased in these experimental groups (p < 0.05 for all). Additionally, compared to the controls, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the BS and ST groups evidenced by a decrease in the levels of other biochemical parameters (cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). According to histological examination, the BS, ST, and BS + ST groups showed an improvement compared to the control group. In conclusion, BS had positive effects on biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity, and BS along with ST improved testicular function in male rats.