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Updated: May 24, 2025

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
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Designer mammalian living materials through genetic engineering.

Mariana Gameiro1, José Almeida-Pinto1, Beatriz S Moura1

  • 1CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.

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Summary

Advanced genome editing and synthetic biology enable precise programming of mammalian cells. These engineered cells form the basis for novel biomaterials and living therapeutics with customizable functions.

Keywords:
Genetic engineeringLiving materialsMammalian cellsSynthetic biologyTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Mammalian cell programming is advancing with genome editing and synthetic biology.
  • Engineered cells serve as building blocks for cell-dense materials.
  • These materials have applications in living therapeutics, tissue engineering, and disease modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore advances in genetic engineering for controlling cell behavior.
  • To discuss the development of next-generation cell-rich materials.
  • To highlight the potential for user-defined living materials with tailored functionalities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing inside-out engineering approaches for cellular programming.
  • Leveraging genetic engineering strategies for precise control over cellular functions.
  • Integrating synthetic biology toolboxes for designing cellular behavior.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated accurate programming of mammalian cell behavior from the inside-out.
  • Enabled the assembly of cell-based materials with enhanced control over cellular arrangements.
  • Showcased customizable therapeutic capabilities within engineered cell assemblies.

Conclusions:

  • Inside-out engineering unlocks user-defined living materials with tailored cellular functionalities.
  • Synergy between inside-out and outside-in approaches will drive sophisticated cell assemblies.
  • Future developments promise augmented biofunctionalities in engineered cell-based materials.