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This summary is machine-generated.

This study highlights Histoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals from India, showing diverse presentations like adrenal masses and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Increased clinical suspicion is vital for early diagnosis and treatment of this fungal infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Histoplasmosis is typically seen in immunocompromised patients.
  • Recognition of Histoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals is growing.
  • Eastern India is a potential hotspot for Histoplasmosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical spectrum of Histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and diverse presentations of Histoplasmosis.
  • To highlight the importance of considering Histoplasmosis in specific clinical scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of five immunocompetent patients diagnosed with Histoplasmosis.
  • Clinical data and diagnostic findings were reviewed.
  • Epidemiological context of eastern India was considered.

Main Results:

  • Four patients presented with adrenal masses, suggesting Histoplasmosis as a differential diagnosis for adrenal enlargement.
  • One patient developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a severe complication of disseminated Histoplasmosis.
  • One patient had localized Histoplasmosis, illustrating varied clinical manifestations.

Conclusions:

  • Histoplasmosis can present diversely in immunocompetent individuals, mimicking other conditions.
  • Heightened clinical suspicion for Histoplasmosis is necessary in endemic areas, especially with adrenal masses or unexplained fever.
  • Early diagnosis and antifungal therapy are critical for favorable outcomes in Histoplasmosis.