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Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids01:02

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Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation easily. However, a silver salt of carboxylic acid reacts with bromine or iodine under high temperature to release carbon dioxide gas and forms halide with one less carbon. This reaction is called the Hunsdiecker reaction.
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Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives01:35

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Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate monocarboxylic acids with the liberation of carbon dioxide.
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

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Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture
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Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture

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Artificial Carbon Neutrality Through Aprotic CO2 Splitting.

Wei Li1, Xiaowei Mu1, Sixie Yang1

  • 1Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed an electrochemical method to split carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (O2) and carbon using lithium. This process offers a novel, efficient route for CO2 utilization and oxygen production.

Keywords:
Aprotic electrochemistryCO2 splittingCarbon neutralityHigh O2 yieldLi‐mediation

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Climate Change Mitigation

Background:

  • Global climate change requires significant reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
  • Natural photosynthesis converts CO2 to O2 and glucose, offering a model for carbon neutrality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an aprotic electrochemical strategy for splitting CO2 into O2 and carbon.
  • To utilize lithium as a reducing mediator, inspired by photosynthetic processes.

Main Methods:

  • An electrochemical device with a gas cathode (nanoscale Co catalyst) and metallic lithium anode was designed.
  • CO2 was introduced to the cathode, undergoing a two-step lithium-mediated electrochemical reduction.
  • Lithium oxide (Li2O) was subsequently oxidized to produce O2 gas using renewable electrical energy.

Main Results:

  • The process achieved an O2 yield exceeding 94.7%.
  • Optimizing the catalyst to RuCo increased the O2 yield to 98.6%.
  • The method demonstrates efficient CO2 conversion and O2 generation.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a practical and controllable pathway for producing O2 from CO2.
  • The findings strongly support sustainable development and carbon neutrality goals.
  • The electrochemical approach offers a promising alternative to natural photosynthesis for CO2 management.