Understanding degenerative cervical myelopathy in musculoskeletal practice

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive compression of the spinal cord. DCM often looks like common symptoms of aging or bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in its early stages, requiring careful differential diagnosis. Identifying DCM is a real challenge as no validated screening tools are available for making the DCM diagnosis. Potentially, individuals with DCM may experience misdiagnosis or substantial diagnostic delays, with an enhanced risk of irreversible neurological consequences if not promptly addressed. Despite the increasing prevalence, there is a lack of awareness about DCM among both the public and healthcare professionals. However, patients may seek physiotherapy to obtain a diagnosis or access treatment.

A comprehensive (non-systematic) review of the literature about DCM epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and management was conducted.

A guide and essential knowledge to facilitate clinicians to understand DCM and to enhance clinical reasoning skills, performance and interpretation of the examination are provided. Interdisciplinary collaboration and optimal referral methods are also handled.

The aim of this article is to summarize and enhance physiotherapists' essential knowledge of the differential diagnosis and management of patients with DCM.