The impact of remnant lipids on keloid formation: a causal analysis using mendelian randomization

Keloids are pathological scars that remain a significant clinical challenge due to their persistence and high recurrence rates. Lipid metabolism disturbances are believed to contribute to keloid formation. However, the causal effect of lipids on keloids has not been established. We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analyses to explore the causality between 25 lipid parameters and keloid using genome-wide association study data. The inverse variance weighting method was the primary analytical approach for estimating causality. We also conducted sensitivity analyses to validate the stability of TSMR results. Our study provides evidence suggesting a genetic association between remnant lipids and keloid formation, with triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins, particularly triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL(XL.VLDL.TG), potentially promoting keloid formation and cholesterol-rich remnant lipoproteins possibly offering a protective effect. These findings highlight the potential role of remnant lipid parameters, especially XL.VLDL.TG, in modulating keloid development through inflammatory processes. While these findings provide valuable new insights into lipid metabolism and keloid pathogenesis, further experimental studies are required to clarify the mechanisms and confirm the relevance of these lipid parameters in keloid formation. The identification of remnant lipid parameters as potential biomarkers for keloid risk opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, but further research is required to apply these findings in clinical practice.