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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

2.6K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
2.6K
Basicity of Aromatic Amines01:18

Basicity of Aromatic Amines

7.0K
The basicity of aromatic amines is much weaker than that of aliphatic amines due to the involvement of the lone pair of electrons over the N atom in resonance with the aryl rings. Generally, the electron-donating ability of any substituents on the aryl ring of aromatic amines increases the basicity of the amine by increasing electron density, and hence the availability of lone pair on the nitrogen. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing functional groups on the aryl ring of amines decrease the...
7.0K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

2.6K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
2.6K
Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems01:18

Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems

2.6K
The inscribed polygon method is consistent with Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule and helps to learn whether the given cyclic compound is aromatic or not. The compound is stable and aromatic if every bonding molecular orbital (MO) is completely filled with a pair of electrons. However, if the non-bonding or antibonding orbitals are filled with electrons, the compound is unstable and not aromatic. Consider the Frost circle diagrams for cycloalkenes containing 4 to 8 carbons.
2.6K
Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule01:20

Criteria for Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule

10.0K
Like benzene, cyclobutadiene and cyclooctatetraene are cyclic compounds with alternate single and double bonds. However, their chemical behavior differs from benzene, as they are unstable and not aromatic. So, what are the structural characteristics of unsaturated compounds categorized as aromatic?  
For the first time, Eric Hückel, a German chemical physicist, derived a set of structural features for a compound to be classified as aromatic. This is now known as...
10.0K
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

2.1K
Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo,...
2.1K

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Updated: May 24, 2025

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination
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Evaluating Aromaticity in Ag6Ru and Ag10Ru as Electron-Precise Superatom Clusters.

Mesías Orozco-Ic1, Peter L Rodríguez-Kessler2, Alvaro Muñoz-Castro3

  • 1Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, 62210, México.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|March 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Superatomic clusters of silver and ruthenium exhibit unique electronic structures, leading to stable, aromatic species with catalytic potential. These findings offer insights into designing new catalysts for reactions like oxygen reduction.

Keywords:
aromaticityclusterscurrent‐densitymagnetic responserutheniumsilver

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry and materials science.
  • Investigating electronic structures and properties of atomic clusters.

Background:

  • Electron precise clusters are crucial in catalysis and materials science.
  • Understanding superatomic characteristics is key to designing stable, reactive species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate superatomic characteristics of electron precise clusters.
  • To identify stable cluster species with catalytic reactive sites and aromaticity.
  • To explore planar and spherical cluster relationships for potential applications.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical evaluation of global minima in electron precise clusters.
  • Analysis of electronic shell structures, including planar and spherical configurations.
  • Assessment of catalytic reactive sites and aromatic character.

Main Results:

  • Ag6Ru exhibits a ten-electron planar superatomic electron shell structure (1S²1P⁴1D⁴).
  • Ag10Ru displays a spherical 18-electron structure (1S²1P⁶1D¹⁰), related to the planar cluster.
  • Both clusters show diatropic ring currents and shielded regions, indicating planar and 3D aromaticity, with seven and ten reactive sites respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The study rationalizes the relationship between planar and spherical electron precise clusters.
  • Identified stable clusters possess inherent aromaticity and catalytic reactive sites.
  • Findings can guide the development of new catalysts, such as for the oxygen reduction reaction.