Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults in the United States, 2019-2023

This report uses data from the 2019-2023 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to present 5-year trends in electronic cigarette use among adults and to show how prevalence estimates changed between 2019 and 2023 for men and women and by age and race and ethnicity.

Point estimates and the corresponding confidence intervals for this analysis were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Linear and quadratic trends by year and age were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials.

The percentage of adults who used electronic cigarettes increased from 4.5% in 2019 to 6.5% in 2023. In both 2019 and 2023, men were more likely than women to use electronic cigarettes. In 2023, young adults ages 21-24 were most likely to use electronic cigarettes (15.5%). The percentage of adults who used electronic cigarettes varied by race and Hispanic ethnicity in both 2019 and 2023.