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Microbial Fuel Cells01:23

Microbial Fuel Cells

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices that generate electricity by exploiting the metabolic processes of electrogenic bacteria. These systems provide a renewable energy source and serve as an innovative method for treating organic waste, such as wastewater.A typical MFC consists of two chambers: an anoxic (oxygen-free) compartment that houses the bacteria and an oxic (oxygen-rich) compartment that contains oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Many MFCs use proton...

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Making Record-efficiency SnS Solar Cells by Thermal Evaporation and Atomic Layer Deposition
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Self-Generating Zwitterionic Polyurethane Foam for Solar-Driven Water Evaporation in Complex Environments.

Dandan Hu1, Zhipeng Zhang1, Guoliang Zhang1

  • 1Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel zwitterionic polyurethane foam (ZPF) solar evaporator that efficiently purifies water. The ZPF device demonstrates excellent anti-biofouling and anti-oil-fouling properties for sustainable water desalination in challenging environments.

Keywords:
anti-biofoulinganti-oil-foulingpolyurethane foamsolar-driven water evaporationzwitterionic telomer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Solar-driven water evaporation is a sustainable method for water purification and desalination.
  • Biofouling and oil fouling significantly reduce the efficiency of solar evaporators in natural water sources.
  • Developing robust materials to overcome fouling challenges is crucial for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a self-generating zwitterionic polyurethane foam (ZPF) for efficient solar-driven water evaporation.
  • To evaluate the anti-biofouling and anti-oil-fouling performance of the ZPF device.
  • To assess the ZPF device's performance in purifying saline water and resisting fouling agents.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ZPF by grafting silylated hydrolysis-induced zwitterionic telomer (Si-HIZ).
  • Coating the ZPF with TiN/PDMS as a photothermal layer for solar evaporation.
  • Testing evaporation rate, photothermal conversion efficiency, and anti-fouling properties in simulated natural water conditions.
  • Evaluating performance with bacterial suspensions (E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas sp.) and 20 wt% NaCl solutions.

Main Results:

  • The ZPF device achieved a high water evaporation rate of 1.51 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and 98.56% photothermal conversion efficiency.
  • The foam formed a hydration layer, effectively inhibiting biofilm formation and maintaining normal evaporation after 4 days of bacterial co-cultivation.
  • Demonstrated excellent anti-oil-fouling performance with an underwater-oil contact angle of 151°.
  • Successfully resisted 20 wt% NaCl solutions, indicating suitability for desalination.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrolysis-induced zwitterionic polymers are effective materials for advanced water purification and desalination devices.
  • The developed ZPF solar evaporator offers a promising solution for water treatment in complex, fouling-prone environments.
  • This research opens new avenues for designing resilient solar energy-driven water purification technologies.