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Adverse Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Men With Sisters With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Aleksandra Kanina1, Elisabet Stener-Victorin2, Agnieszka Butwicka1,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|March 4, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Men with a sister who has polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) face higher risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. These findings highlight the familial impact of PCOS and suggest early screening for at-risk males.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder.
  • Previous studies suggest a potential familial link for cardiometabolic dysfunction in brothers of women with PCOS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between having a sister with PCOS and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in men.
  • To assess the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension in men with a sister diagnosed with PCOS.

Main Methods:

  • A large, population-based cohort study in Sweden (n=1,098,203) followed men from age 5 to 2018.
  • Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for cardiometabolic diagnoses.
  • Logistic regression analyzed associations in a sub-cohort evaluated at ages 18-20.

Main Results:

  • Men with a sister with PCOS showed significantly increased risks of obesity (aHR: 2.02), type 2 diabetes (aHR: 1.62), and hypertension (aHR: 1.24).
  • In early adulthood (ages 18-20), a sister with PCOS was linked to being overweight (aOR: 1.33) and obese (aOR: 1.78), but not elevated blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Having a sister with PCOS is associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in men, emerging in early adulthood.
  • These findings underscore the familial clustering of PCOS-related risks and identify men with affected sisters as a group for targeted screening and prevention strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
diabetesepidemiologyhypertensionobesitypolycystic ovary syndromesiblings

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