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Related Concept Videos

Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
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The interplay between epigenomic and transcriptomic variation during ecotype divergence in stickleback.

Man Luo1, Junjie Zhao1, Juha Merilä2,3

  • 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

BMC Biology
|March 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ecotype divergence involves complex molecular changes. This study reveals that while epigenomic and transcriptomic variations are linked genome-wide, specific mechanisms like DNA methylation and splicing diverge independently in nine-spined sticklebacks.

Keywords:
Pungitius pungitiusAdaptive divergenceAlternative splicingDNA methylationGene expressionMicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Adaptive divergence leads to ecotypes with locally adapted phenotypes.
  • Understanding the interplay of molecular mechanisms in ecotype divergence is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the alignment of gene expression, alternative splicing, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression in postglacial ecotype divergence.
  • To assess the extent of divergence across these molecular levels in nine-spined sticklebacks.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of epigenomic and transcriptomic data.
  • Analysis of gene expression, alternative splicing, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression.
  • Comparative analysis between marine and freshwater ecotypes of nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius).

Main Results:

  • Genome-wide associations exist between epigenomic and transcriptomic variation.
  • Patterns of ecotype divergence were largely non-parallel across molecular levels.
  • Differential methylation showed the highest, while differential splicing showed the lowest, extent of ecotype divergence.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenomic and transcriptomic processes have a nuanced relationship in ecotype divergence.
  • Genome-wide alignment can mask independent effects of molecular mechanisms at the gene level.
  • Genes associated with ecotype divergence are significantly enriched in differential methylation.