A neuro-feedback prototype based on transcranial Doppler ultrasound for brain computer interface applications

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Interhemispheric hemodynamic imbalance is implicated in various neurological conditions.
• Existing neurofeedback systems often rely on complex and costly technologies like EEG, fMRI, or fNIRS.
• There is a need for accessible and cost-effective neurofeedback methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a novel transcranial Doppler (TCD)-based neurofeedback system.
• To visualize interhemispheric hemodynamic imbalance using real-time bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) monitoring.
• To assess the feasibility of users acquiring control over visualized hemodynamic states.

Main Methods:

• Bilateral monitoring of middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) using TCD.
• Real-time calculation of the difference between right and left MCA blood velocities.
• Visual feedback system where ball position reflects hemodynamic imbalance.
• Four healthy volunteers underwent four training sessions.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated increased user control over the visualized ball movement.
• Provided a proof of concept for the TCD-based neurofeedback methodology.
• Confirmed the feasibility of the developed system.

Conclusions:

• The TCD-based neurofeedback system is a simple, cost-effective, and novel approach.
• The system effectively visualizes and allows training of cerebral lateralization.
• Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to explore therapeutic potential.