Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

1.6K
The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
1.6K
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

1.5K
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
1.5K
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

1.4K
The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
1.4K
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

1.4K
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis....
1.4K
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

690
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
690

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Limbic System Microstructure in Neonates With Antenatal Opioid Exposure.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Maternal and fetal HLA heterozygosity in preeclampsia: Insights from a large multi-ancestry pregnancy cohort.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Diminished Late Gestation Placental Volume in Fetal Heart Disease and Implications for Birth Anthropometrics.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2026
Same author

Perceived Control in the NICU: Implications for Maternal Mental Health and Parenting in the NICU.

Psychology research and behavior management·2026
Same author

Depressive Symptoms Associated with Decreased Choline Intake in Lactating Mothers of Preterm Infants.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Associations between molecular classification and response to intra-uterine levonorgestrel device therapy in patients with medically managed endometrial cancer and endometrial intra-epithelial neoplasia: a multi-center Endometrial Cancer Molecularly Targeted Therapy (ECMT2) Consortium study.

International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Preparation of Rhythmically-active In Vitro Neonatal Rodent Brainstem-spinal Cord and Thin Slice
06:32

Preparation of Rhythmically-active In Vitro Neonatal Rodent Brainstem-spinal Cord and Thin Slice

Published on: March 23, 2019

11.4K

Brainstem and Deep Gray Nuclei Modulate Brain Network Efficiency in Low-risk Term Newborns.

Venkata C Chirumamilla, Sarah B Mulkey, Tayyba Anwar

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |March 5, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Removing critical brain hubs significantly reduces network efficiency in newborns. This study highlights the importance of specific brain regions for information transfer in early development.

    More Related Videos

    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates
    05:58

    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

    Published on: September 6, 2017

    38.4K
    Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording
    05:28

    Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording

    Published on: November 19, 2015

    8.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 24, 2025

    Preparation of Rhythmically-active In Vitro Neonatal Rodent Brainstem-spinal Cord and Thin Slice
    06:32

    Preparation of Rhythmically-active In Vitro Neonatal Rodent Brainstem-spinal Cord and Thin Slice

    Published on: March 23, 2019

    11.4K
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates
    05:58

    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

    Published on: September 6, 2017

    38.4K
    Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording
    05:28

    Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording

    Published on: November 19, 2015

    8.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Neuroscience
    • Brain Network Analysis

    Background:

    • Network analysis of source electroencephalography (EEG) in newborns identifies critical hub regions for information transfer.
    • The impact of removing these hubs on overall brain network efficiency remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how the removal of specific hub regions affects brain network efficiency in low-risk term newborns.
    • To identify critical hubs whose removal significantly diminishes network function.

    Main Methods:

    • Resting-state 124-channel high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) data were collected from newborns within 72 hours of birth.
    • Functional connectivity matrices were constructed using source EEG data in the delta band.
    • Small-World Propensity (SWP) was calculated after individually and simultaneously removing identified hub regions.

    Main Results:

    • Removing individual hubs, specifically the right caudate, left thalamus, right thalamus, and brainstem, significantly reduced SWP (P < 0.05).
    • Simultaneous removal of these four hubs also resulted in a significant decrease in SWP.
    • These findings demonstrate reduced network efficiency following the removal of key hubs.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific hub regions play a critical role in maintaining functional brain network efficiency in low-risk term newborns.
    • The removal of these identified hubs leads to diminished network efficiency, underscoring their importance in early brain development.