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Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research
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A Neurofeedback System to Decrease Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.

Anders Kruse Laursen, Julie Brink Petersen, Katrine Aagaard Gregersen

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |March 5, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new low-cost neurofeedback system helps healthy individuals reduce abnormal brain activity linked to chronic pain. This system, using electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG), shows promise for future chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Pain Management

    Background:

    • Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is associated with maladaptive brain plasticity, specifically altered brain activity.
    • Existing treatments for chronic MSK pain do not target these brain activity changes.
    • Previous research using electroencephalography (EEG) indicated increased event-related alpha power in the somatosensory cortex during movement in individuals with chronic MSK pain.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and test a low-cost neurofeedback system designed to decrease movement-related event-related alpha power.
    • To assess the system's efficacy in modulating alpha power during limb movements in healthy participants.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel low-cost neurofeedback system was created, integrating electromyography (EMG) for movement detection and EEG for alpha power measurement over the somatosensory cortex.
    • A graphical user interface (GUI) provided real-time visual feedback based on the extracted alpha power.
    • The system was evaluated in a single session with four healthy participants performing knee and elbow movements across five blocks.

    Main Results:

    • All participants successfully modulated their movement-related alpha power within a single training session (p<0.05).
    • A significant 40% reduction in alpha power was observed between the first and last training blocks.
    • The findings demonstrate the system's capability to alter alpha power during limb movement after brief training.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed low-cost neurofeedback system effectively enabled healthy participants to modulate movement-related alpha power.
    • This system shows potential as a non-invasive intervention for addressing maladaptive plasticity in chronic MSK pain.
    • Further investigation and validation in patients with chronic MSK pain are warranted.