Path-based Differential Analysis in Near-centenarians and Centenarians Brain Network

Investigating brain networks in dementia-free centenarians offers a unique opportunity to uncover distinctive characteristics contributing to the preservation of cognitive function into their eleventh decade of life. While graph theory techniques have been widely applied in aging studies, the predominant focus has been on graph metrics, with minimal attention given to the intricate information embedded in paths. A more comprehensive understanding of how these paths are disrupted could yield invaluable insights. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to estimating brain graphs for both younger and centenarian groups using a Gaussian graphical model. Employing graph theory, we pinpoint edges within the centenarian group graph that either initiate additional paths or exhibit absent paths compared to the younger group. Our results reveal two critical edges associated with disconnections within and between functional domains. Specifically, one edge pertains to the connection between the visual and cognitive control domains, while the other involves disconnection within the cognitive control domain. The identification of these edges not only advances our understanding of brain networks in centenarians but also sheds light on potential implications for cognitive function. By elucidating disruptions in specific pathways, this research contributes to a more nuanced comprehension of the neural mechanisms underlying successful cognitive aging. Such insights may pave the way for targeted interventions and therapeutic strategies to promote cognitive health in aging populations.