Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body01:13

Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body

203
Imagine a solid object involved in a general planar movement, with its center of mass pinpointed at a spot labeled G. The object's kinetic energy relative to an arbitrary point A can be quantified for each of its particles - the ith particle in this case. This measurement is achieved through the employment of the relative velocity definition. The position vector, known as rA, extends from point A to the mass element i.
203
Kinematic Equations - II01:17

Kinematic Equations - II

9.2K
The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
Suppose a car merges into freeway traffic on a 200 m long ramp. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s and it accelerates at 2 m/s2, then the...
9.2K
Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

15.5K
One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
15.5K
Kinematic Equations - III01:18

Kinematic Equations - III

7.4K
The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final velocity as a function of the acceleration and distance over which it acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not have an acceleration term and provides the final position of the object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities. This equation is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.
Using the kinematic equations,...
7.4K
Kinematic Equations: Problem Solving01:15

Kinematic Equations: Problem Solving

11.8K
When analyzing one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration, the problem-solving strategy involves identifying the known quantities and choosing the appropriate kinematic equations to solve for the unknowns. Either one or two kinematic equations are needed to solve for the unknowns, depending on the known and unknown quantities. Generally, the number of equations required is the same as the number of unknown quantities in the given example. Two-body pursuit problems always require two...
11.8K
Kinematic Equations - I01:26

Kinematic Equations - I

10.2K
When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Understanding human arm stiffness modulation in overground pHRI: The roles of kinematics, perturbation, and trunk sway.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Development of a Force Perturbation Handle for Physical Interaction Research in Humans.

Journal of biomechanical engineering·2026
Same author

Balance Assistance Without Mechanical Support Using a Virtual Cane with Haptic Feedback.

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]·2025
Same author

Validation of the Human Arm Stiffness Estimation Method Developed for Overground Physical Interaction Experiments.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2023
Same author

A robot for overground physical human-robot interaction experiments.

PloS one·2022
Same author

Humans modulate arm stiffness to facilitate motor communication during overground physical human-robot interaction.

Scientific reports·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms
10:32

Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms

Published on: August 15, 2016

15.4K

Exploring Kinematics Contribution to the Arm Stiffness Modulation During Overground Physical Human-Robot Interaction.

Mohsen Mohammadi Beirami, Sambad Regmi, Devin Burns

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |March 5, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human arm stiffness modulation in physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) is not significantly affected by arm kinematics. This study suggests muscle activation, not joint angles, primarily influences stiffness during overground pHRI tasks.

    More Related Videos

    Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
    08:08

    Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis

    Published on: May 8, 2014

    16.7K
    The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors
    15:00

    The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

    Published on: May 2, 2021

    3.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 24, 2025

    Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms
    10:32

    Robotic Mirror Therapy System for Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Arms

    Published on: August 15, 2016

    15.4K
    Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
    08:08

    Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis

    Published on: May 8, 2014

    16.7K
    The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors
    15:00

    The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

    Published on: May 2, 2021

    3.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Robotics
    • Human-Robot Interaction
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) research has explored human arm stiffness modulation.
    • Previous studies showed decreased arm stiffness in humans during pHRI with eyes closed.
    • The role of arm kinematics versus muscle activation in this modulation remained unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of arm kinematics on human arm stiffness modulation during overground pHRI.
    • To differentiate the contributions of joint angles versus muscle activation to stiffness changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of arm kinematics (elbow and shoulder angles) during an overground pHRI experiment.
    • Measurement of arm stiffness concurrently with kinematic data.
    • Application of a linear mixed-effect model to analyze participant, block, and condition effects.

    Main Results:

    • Arm kinematics showed minimal contribution to arm stiffness modulation across different conditions.
    • Elbow angles increased over blocks, but shoulder angles did not show a significant trend.
    • Participant variability was the primary source of variation in arm angles.

    Conclusions:

    • Arm stiffness modulation in overground pHRI is not significantly influenced by arm kinematics.
    • Findings suggest that muscle activation plays a more dominant role than joint angle changes in modulating arm stiffness during pHRI.