New Insulin On Board Estimation for Artificial Pancreas Systems

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Endocrinology
• Computer Science

Background:

• Artificial pancreas systems require accurate insulin dose calculations to manage glucose levels effectively.
• Estimating active insulin on board (IOB) is crucial to prevent hypoglycemia caused by insulin overdoses.
• Existing methods may not fully capture the pharmacokinetics of newer insulin formulations like Fiasp.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and evaluate a novel method for calculating IOB using mathematical modeling of Fiasp insulin.
• To integrate this IOB calculation strategy into the OpenAPS artificial pancreas control algorithm.
• To assess the impact of the proposed IOB method on glucose control in a simulated type 1 diabetes environment.

Main Methods:

• Development of a mathematical model specifically for Fiasp insulin pharmacokinetics.
• Integration of the Fiasp IOB model into the OpenAPS control algorithm.
• Validation using a closed-loop simulation with a type 1 diabetic patient model and the Uva/Padova simulator.

Main Results:

• The proposed IOB calculation strategy demonstrated a reduction in average glucose levels.
• The method led to an increased time spent within the target glucose control range.
• Simulations indicated improved safety and efficacy compared to standard IOB estimation.

Conclusions:

• The Fiasp-specific IOB calculation method enhances the performance of artificial pancreas control algorithms.
• This approach contributes to safer and more effective glucose management for individuals with type 1 diabetes.
• The findings support the adoption of tailored insulin modeling in advanced diabetes technologies.