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Understanding Self-Care Patterns in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Insights From a Mixed Methods Study
Austin M Matus1,2,3, Lea Ann Matura3, Peter F Cronholm4
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
This study identified three self-care profiles in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D): Expert, Inconsistent, and Novice. Understanding these profiles can help tailor support for better diabetes management and health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Behavioral Medicine
- Health Psychology
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires continuous self-care for effective management.
- Understanding diverse self-care behaviors is crucial for optimizing patient support and outcomes.
- Previous research has not fully characterized distinct self-care profiles in adults with T1D.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize self-care profiles among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
- To explain self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management within identified profiles.
- To develop a comprehensive typology of self-care in adults with T1D.
Main Methods:
- A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was employed.
- Quantitative phase: 200 adults with T1D completed a self-care survey; cluster analysis identified profiles.
- Qualitative phase: 20 participants were interviewed to describe self-care within profiles; findings were integrated.
Main Results:
- Three distinct self-care profiles were identified: Expert, Inconsistent, and Novice.
- Expert self-care involved a holistic approach, effective monitoring, and informed decision-making.
- Inconsistent self-care was marked by capability but low prioritization, while Novice self-care indicated difficulties in maintenance and skill development.
Conclusions:
- An Expert-Inconsistent-Novice typology of self-care in adults with T1D was established.
- This typology aligns with existing research and suggests stability across different health conditions.
- Progression to Expert self-care may lead to improved glycemic control and reduced complication risks.
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