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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

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Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
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Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

538
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Preventing Salt Precipitation in CO2 Storage Processes in Saline Aquifers: Dissolved-Water CO2 Injection Method.

Ali Papi1, Amir Jahanbakhsh1,2, M Mercedes Maroto-Valer1,2

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Dissolved-water CO2 injection prevents salt precipitation in deep saline aquifers, a key challenge for carbon capture and storage. This method significantly enhances the feasibility of geological CO2 storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Geological carbon sequestration
  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental engineering

Background:

  • Deep saline aquifers are crucial for carbon capture and storage (CCS) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
  • High salinity in these formations can cause salt precipitation, reducing injectivity and storage capacity.
  • Preventing salt precipitation is a significant challenge for effective CO2 storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a novel method, dissolved-water CO2 injection (dwCO2 injection), to prevent salt precipitation during geological CO2 storage.
  • To investigate the mechanistic interactions involved in CO2 storage within a carbonate aquifer.
  • To assess the effectiveness of water-saturated CO2 in mitigating salt precipitation.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations were conducted using the CMG-GEM simulator.
  • Six different scenarios were examined within a carbonate aquifer model.
  • The study focused on the impact of dissolved water in CO2 on salt precipitation.

Main Results:

  • Saturating CO2 with water reduced salt precipitation to near zero.
  • Dissolving 2000 ppmv of water in CO2 decreased salt precipitation by two-thirds.
  • The study confirmed the potential of dwCO2 injection to prevent salt precipitation.

Conclusions:

  • Dissolved-water CO2 injection is a promising method to overcome salt precipitation issues in deep saline aquifers.
  • This technique can significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of geological CO2 storage.
  • Potential challenges such as corrosion and hydrate formation associated with humid CO2 injection require further consideration.