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Related Concept Videos

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Postsynaptic spiking determines anti-Hebbian LTD in visual cortex basket cells.

Christina Y C Chou1,2, Wouter J Droogers1, Txomin Lalanne1,3

  • 1Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
|March 5, 2025
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Summary

Long-term plasticity at pyramidal cell to basket cell (PC→BC) synapses in developing visual cortex is sensitive to postsynaptic spiking. This spiking influences dendritic calcium dynamics, leading to anti-Hebbian long-term depression (LTD) when inputs precede spiking.

Keywords:
action potential backpropagationcalcium imaginginhibitory interneuronsplasticityspike-timing dependent plasticitysynapsevisual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Cortical Microcircuits

Background:

  • Long-term plasticity at pyramidal cell to basket cell (PC→BC) synapses is crucial for cortical microcircuit function.
  • While long-term potentiation (LTP) at PC→PC synapses is linked to dendritic calcium (Ca2+) dynamics and coincident spiking, the mechanisms at PC→BC synapses in the primary visual cortex (V1) are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sensitivity of PC→BC synaptic plasticity in developing V1 to postsynaptic spiking.
  • To elucidate the role of dendritic Ca2+ dynamics in mediating this plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Two-photon (2P) Ca2+ imaging to observe action potential (AP) back-propagation in V1 layer-5 (L5) basket cells (BCs).
  • Pairing excitatory inputs with postsynaptic APs to assess dendritic Ca2+ supralinearities.
  • Extracellular stimulation and high-throughput 2P optogenetic mapping to induce and measure synaptic plasticity.

Main Results:

  • APs actively back-propagated to PC→BC synaptic contact sites in V1 L5 BC dendrites.
  • Dendritic Ca2+ supralinearities were observed for pre-before-postsynaptic input pairing, but not post-before-presynaptic.
  • Pre-before-postsynaptic pairing induced anti-Hebbian long-term depression (LTD), while post-before-presynaptic pairing did not.

Conclusions:

  • V1 BC dendritic Ca2+ nonlinearities are sensitive to somatic spiking.
  • Synaptic plasticity at PC→BC connections is dependent on the temporal order of presynaptic input and postsynaptic spiking, favoring LTD with an anti-Hebbian rule.