Siddha COVID Care Centers in Tamil Nadu, India: Coverage, Workload, and Knowledge Gaps

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted India since March 2020. The Siddha system of medicine is one of the oldest medical systems and originated in Tamil Nadu. It is popular among countries where Tamil-speaking populations live. In recent years, it has controlled epidemics like dengue and chikungunya in Tamil Nadu. Siddha COVID Care Centers (SCCCs) were established in Tamil Nadu to support COVID-19 management. This study assesses the coverage, workload, and gaps associated with these SCCCs. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in June-July 2021, including all SCCCs, with five patients selected from each center. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze facilities, patient demographics, and medical provisions, focusing on hygiene practices, patient care, and Siddha treatment utilization. Patient adherence to preventive measures was also assessed. Results Data were collected from 46 SCCCs, involving 155 patients and 46 physicians. Most SCCCs were located in educational institutions like colleges, schools, or public utility halls like marriage halls and indoor auditoriums (n = 43; 93%). Essential resources such as tap water (n = 30; 65.2%), hand sanitizer (n = 34; 73.9%), and soap (n = 33; 71.7%) were available. Most centers had infrared thermometers, pulse oximeters (n = 41; 89.1%), and BP apparatus (n = 44; 95.6%). Trained Siddha physicians were present in most centers (n = 46; 100%). By June 2021, 15,744 patients had been admitted, with 929 referred to other facilities and 287 discharged against medical advice. Conclusions The study highlights the comprehensive approach of SCCCs, incorporating Siddha medicine, dietary interventions, and psychological support. While effective, challenges included resource limitations and the need for better integration of traditional medicine in future pandemic responses. These findings provide valuable insights for public health authorities considering Siddha medicine in pandemic strategies.