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Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Updated: May 24, 2025

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils
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Exploring Bio-Based Monomers in Emulsion and Miniemulsion Polymerization.

Sara Mohebbi1, Robin A Hutchinson1, Michael F Cunningham1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|March 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores bio-based monomers for sustainable emulsion polymerization, offering greener alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. These renewable materials enhance eco-friendly polymer production and applications.

Keywords:
bio‐based monomersemulsion polymerizationminiemulsion polymerizationsustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymer synthesis increasingly prioritizes sustainability, seeking alternatives to nonrenewable resources.
  • Emulsion polymerization offers an environmentally friendly approach using water as a dispersant.
  • Incorporating renewable, bio-based materials into polymerization enhances process sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in bio-based monomers for emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization.
  • To highlight sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based monomers.
  • To examine the properties and applications of polymers derived from bio-based monomers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on bio-based monomers in (mini)emulsion polymerization.
  • Analysis of monomer categories: vegetable oils, lignin derivatives, terpenes, proteins, and carbohydrates.
  • Examination of polymerization processes, product properties, and applications.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key bio-based monomers as viable replacements for petroleum-derived counterparts.
  • Demonstration of successful incorporation of these monomers into emulsion and miniemulsion systems.
  • Characterization of resulting polymers, showcasing diverse properties and applications.

Conclusions:

  • Bio-based monomers represent a significant advancement in sustainable polymer synthesis.
  • Emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization are effective methods for utilizing these renewable resources.
  • The use of bio-based monomers paves the way for eco-friendlier polymers across various applications.