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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Isomerism in Complexes
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The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds. 
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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Sulfur Bridge Geometry Boosts Selective FeIV═O Generation for Efficient Fenton-Like Reactions.

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Researchers developed a novel catalyst using iron diatomic pairs to efficiently produce high-valent iron-oxo species (FeIV═O). This breakthrough enhances oxidation processes and offers potential for sustainable water treatment.

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High‐valent iron–oxo speciesadjacent Fe atomsenvironment nanotechnologysulfur bridgesustainable water treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • High-valent iron-oxo species (FeIV═O) are crucial for oxidation reactions but challenging to produce selectively and in high yields.
  • Existing methods struggle with controlled synthesis and efficient utilization of these active species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel catalytic strategy for the selective and high-yield synthesis of FeIV═O species.
  • To investigate the catalytic performance and mechanism of the fabricated Fe diatomic pairs with peroxymonosulfate (PMS).

Main Methods:

  • Rational fabrication of iron (Fe) diatomic pairs supported by a sulfur (S) bridge to control Fe-Fe distances and loading.
  • Investigation of the electronic structure (d-band center) of Fe atoms and their interaction with PMS.
  • Electrochemical and chemical oxidation experiments to assess PMS activation and FeIV═O generation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high loading of Fe diatomic pairs (11.8 wt.%) with optimized Fe-Fe distances.
  • Demonstrated enhanced PMS utilization (70%) and selective generation of FeIV═O (>90%) at a high yield (63% of PMS).
  • The catalyst exhibited excellent long-term activity and stability in continuous flow reactions, validated by techno-economic assessment.

Conclusions:

  • The heteroatom-bridge strategy for diatomic pairs is a promising platform for efficient FeIV═O synthesis.
  • The developed catalyst shows significant potential for sustainable water treatment applications.
  • Geometry regulation of metal centers is key to controlling reactivity and selectivity in oxidation catalysis.