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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
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Severity of Congenital Heart Defects Affects Long-Term Somatic Development.

Alexandra Kiess1,2, Patricia Bimboese3, Ruth Gausche4,5,6

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany. alexandramiriam.kiess@med.uni-jena.de.

Pediatric Cardiology
|March 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) experience impacted growth, with more severe conditions leading to smaller height, weight, and head circumference. Early monitoring of growth in these children is crucial for timely intervention.

Keywords:
Congenital heart diseaseGrowthLong-term growthSeverity of congenital heart diseaseSomatic development

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Treatment advancements have improved health outcomes for children with congenital heart defects (CHD).
  • Growth is a critical indicator of healthy development, particularly in children with chronic conditions like CHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare growth parameters (height, weight, head circumference) in children with CHD against healthy peers.
  • To investigate the influence of CHD severity on growth trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, longitudinal analysis of standardized growth measurements (height, weight, head circumference) from 18,591 children aged 0-18 years.
  • Data sourced from the German pediatrician network CrescNet, comparing CHD patients with healthy controls.
  • Exclusion of patients with other growth-altering conditions or medications; CHD categorized by severity (mild, moderate, severe).

Main Results:

  • Children with CHD, especially those with more severe defects, exhibited smaller height, weight, and head circumference compared to healthy peers and those with milder CHD.
  • Severity of CHD significantly influenced long-term growth parameters from birth.
  • In a subgroup of children with Down's syndrome (T21), CHD presence, not severity, correlated with significantly smaller measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Despite improved survival rates, growth in children with CHD remains impacted and warrants close monitoring.
  • Growth assessment serves as a vital marker for healthy development in pediatric CHD patients.
  • Early intervention strategies should consider growth monitoring for children with congenital heart defects.