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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Perceptual Constancy01:12

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Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Updated: May 24, 2025

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
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Core dimensions of human material perception.

Filipp Schmidt1,2, Martin N Hebart2,3,4, Alexandra C Schmid1,5

  • 1Experimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35394, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers uncovered the underlying principles of how humans mentally represent materials. A data-driven approach identified 36 interpretable dimensions, combining perceptual and conceptual features, to explain material perception and comparison.

Keywords:
categorizationcomputational modelfeature spacematerial perceptionvision

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Material Science
  • Computational Psychology

Background:

  • Visual categorization and comparison of materials are fundamental to human behavior.
  • Understanding the organizational principles of material representation in the mind is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To uncover the core latent dimensions of material representations using a large-scale, data-driven approach.
  • To computationally model human judgments of material similarity.

Main Methods:

  • Created the STUFF dataset with 200 materials and 600 photographs.
  • Collected 1.87 million triplet similarity judgments from participants.
  • Utilized a computational model to derive sparse, positive dimensions from behavioral data.

Main Results:

  • Developed a multidimensional embedding space that accurately predicts independent material similarity judgments.
  • Identified 36 reproducible and interpretable material dimensions, encompassing both perceptual (e.g., grainy) and conceptual (e.g., mineral) features.
  • Achieved high prediction accuracy, closely matching human intersubject consistency.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a foundational understanding of the cognitive architecture for material perception.
  • The identified dimensions offer a comprehensive framework for how humans mentally organize and understand materials.
  • This data-driven approach successfully reveals the latent structure of human material representations.