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Malaria

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...

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Detection and Monitoring of Tumor Associated Circulating DNA in Patient Biofluids

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Aptamer-Based Diagnosis for Specific Malaria.

Mohd Shoeb Alam¹, Abhijeet Dhiman¹, Tanu Bhardwaj²

¹Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.

ACS Infectious Diseases

|March 5, 2025

Summary

New DNA aptamers offer a highly specific and accurate diagnostic tool for Plasmodium vivax malaria. This breakthrough promises a more accessible and reliable method for detecting malaria infections, especially in regions with a high burden of the disease.

Keywords:

Plasmodium vivax PvTRAg aptamer diagnosis malaria

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Area of Science:

Parasitology
Molecular Diagnostics
Biotechnology

Background:

Malaria remains a significant global health burden, particularly Plasmodium vivax malaria in India.
Current diagnostic methods for P. vivax malaria often suffer from high costs, complexity, or low accuracy.
There is a critical need for a specific and reliable diagnostic assay for P. vivax malaria.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel DNA aptamers with high specificity for Plasmodium vivax tryptophan-rich antigen (PvTRAg).
To evaluate the diagnostic potential of these aptamers using an aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA).
To establish a foundation for a new aptamer-based diagnostic test for P. vivax malaria.

Main Methods:

Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) was used to identify specific aptamers against PvTRAg.
Two high-affinity aptamers, Apt_14 and Apt_16, with dissociation constants (KD) of 1.9 nM and 1.2 nM respectively, were selected.
The aptamers were employed in an ALISA format for the detection of P. vivax malaria infections in clinical validation.

Main Results:

Apt_14 and Apt_16 demonstrated high affinity for PvTRAg, with a limit of detection at 2.5 nM.
Clinical validation showed high specificity (100%) and good sensitivity (96% for Apt_14, 84% for Apt_16).
The aptamers exhibited minimal cross-reactivity with other antigens, confirming their selectivity for PvTRAg.

Conclusions:

DNA aptamers are effective tools for the accurate diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria.
The developed aptamers and ALISA method show promise for a novel, specific diagnostic assay.
This research paves the way for improved malaria diagnostics, particularly for P. vivax infections.