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Kidney Structure

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Digital Home-Monitoring of Patients after Kidney Transplantation: The MACCS Platform

Digital Home-Monitoring of Patients after Kidney Transplantation: The MACCS Platform

Published on: April 12, 2021

Post-Kidney Transplant Hospitalizations and Long-Term Outcomes: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Divyanshu Malhotra¹, Sami Alasfar², Heather Thiessen-Philbrook¹

¹Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

|March 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Rehospitalization with acute kidney injury (AKI) after kidney transplant significantly increases the risk of graft failure and mortality. Closer monitoring of these high-risk patients is crucial for improved kidney transplant outcomes.

Keywords:

AKI epidemiology and outcomes hospitalization mortality transplant outcomes

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Last Updated: May 24, 2025

Digital Home-Monitoring of Patients after Kidney Transplantation: The MACCS Platform

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Published on: April 12, 2021

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

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Published on: April 13, 2021

Orthotopic Kidney Auto-Transplantation in a Porcine Model Using 24 Hours Organ Preservation And Continuous Telemetry

Orthotopic Kidney Auto-Transplantation in a Porcine Model Using 24 Hours Organ Preservation And Continuous Telemetry

Published on: August 21, 2020

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Transplantation Medicine
Immunology

Background:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
Limited research exists on AKI's impact on kidney transplant recipients.
This study examines non-immunological AKI rehospitalizations and their effect on long-term transplant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of AKI-related rehospitalization on kidney transplant outcomes.
To assess the association between AKI rehospitalizations and death-censored graft failure and all-cause mortality.

Main Methods:

Chart reviews of 989 deceased donor kidney transplant recipients from 2010-2014.
Adjudication of rehospitalization causes by transplant nephrologists.
Analysis of death-censored graft failure and all-cause mortality using time-varying Cox-proportional hazard models.

Main Results:

20% of recipients experienced AKI-related rehospitalizations.
AKI rehospitalizations were associated with significantly higher risks of death-censored graft failure (aHR 7.5) and all-cause mortality (aHR 5.7).
Non-AKI rehospitalizations also increased outcome risks, but to a lesser extent than AKI-related events.

Conclusions:

Rehospitalization due to AKI post-kidney transplant is a significant risk factor for adverse graft outcomes.
Patients with AKI rehospitalizations represent a high-risk group requiring closer post-transplant follow-up.
Further research is needed to understand and mitigate the long-term effects of AKI on kidney transplant success.