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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations

The Benthic Exchange of O2, N2 and Dissolved Nutrients Using Small Core Incubations

Published on: August 3, 2016

Quantifying Stern layer water alignment before and during the oxygen evolution reaction.

Raiden Speelman¹, Ezra J Marker¹, Franz M Geiger¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60660, USA.

Science Advances

|March 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed a significant change in water molecule orientation at nickel electrodes during the oxygen evolution reaction. This discovery offers new insights into electrocatalysis and energy conversion processes.

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Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System

Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of O2 with a Frequency-Domain-Based Camera System

Published on: December 16, 2019

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Surface Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for industrial applications, but understanding water molecule behavior at electrode surfaces remains challenging.
The "strong absorber problem" hinders direct observation of how water molecules in the Stern layer reorient under applied potentials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the orientation of water molecules in the Stern layer of nickel electrodes during the OER.
To identify the energetics of water molecule reorientation as a factor influencing reaction overpotentials.

Main Methods:

Utilized nonlinear optical measurements on nickel electrodes at pH 13.
Analyzed the transition of water molecules from a disordered to an ordered state before the onset of Faradaic current.

Main Results:

Observed a disorder-to-order transition in Stern layer water molecules prior to Faradaic current onset.
A complete water monolayer (1.1 × 10^15 cm^-2) was found to align with oxygen atoms directed towards the electrode at +0.8 V.
The measured work for this alignment was 80 kJ/mol.

Conclusions:

Water molecule flipping energetics are a key factor in understanding OER overpotentials.
The findings advance molecular electrochemistry and provide benchmarks for electrical double-layer models.
This study offers a diagnostic tool for understanding electrocatalysis mechanisms.