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Corrosion02:49

Corrosion

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The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

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Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
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Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

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In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
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Updated: May 24, 2025

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
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Iron-complex-based catalytic system for high-performance water oxidation in aqueous media.

Takumi Matsuzaki1, Kento Kosugi1,2, Hikaru Iwami1

  • 1Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.

Nature Communications
|March 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel iron-based catalyst for efficient water oxidation in aqueous media. This biomimetic approach mimics natural photosynthesis, offering a promising strategy for artificial photosynthesis and clean energy technologies.

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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Water oxidation is crucial for artificial photosynthesis but remains kinetically challenging.
  • Developing efficient molecular systems using abundant metals in aqueous media is difficult.
  • Natural photosynthesis offers a model for efficient water oxidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a highly efficient artificial water oxidation system inspired by nature.
  • To integrate catalytic centers and charge transport sites using earth-abundant metals.
  • To achieve high performance in aqueous media for water oxidation.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical polymerization of a pentanuclear iron complex with carbazole moieties.
  • Fabrication of a catalytic material integrating catalytic centers and charge transport sites.
  • Performance evaluation of the material in aqueous media for water oxidation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved highly efficient water oxidation in aqueous media.
  • The material demonstrated a Faradaic efficiency of up to 99% for water oxidation.
  • Successfully integrated catalytic centers (iron) and charge transport sites (carbazole).

Conclusions:

  • Developed a novel strategy for efficient water oxidation using iron complexes.
  • The biomimetic approach provides a pathway for designing advanced artificial photosynthesis systems.
  • The findings contribute to the development of sustainable energy solutions through improved water oxidation catalysts.