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  3. Genome Duplication In A Long-term Multicellularity Evolution Experiment.
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  3. Genome Duplication In A Long-term Multicellularity Evolution Experiment.

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Chromosome Replicating Timing Combined with Fluorescent In situ Hybridization
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Genome duplication in a long-term multicellularity evolution experiment.

Kai Tong1,2,3,4, Sayantan Datta5,6, Vivian Cheng5,7

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. kaitong@bu.edu.

Nature
|March 5, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) rapidly evolved in yeast under selection for multicellularity, persisting due to immediate fitness benefits and enabling further adaptations. This study reveals WGD

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Yeast research

Background:

  • Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is common in eukaryotes and drives evolution.
  • Polyploid genome instability poses challenges to understanding WGD origins and persistence.
  • The evolutionary dynamics of WGD, especially its role in adaptation, require empirical investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rapid evolution and long-term persistence of whole-genome duplication (WGD) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under specific selective pressures.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which WGD arises, is maintained, and facilitates adaptation in a multicellular context.
  • To provide empirical insights into the evolutionary consequences of WGD in a long-term experimental evolution setting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Multicellularity Long Term Evolution Experiment (MuLTEE) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Applied synthetic reconstruction and biophysical modeling to analyze tetraploidy.
  • Employed counter-selection experiments to assess fitness benefits and maintenance of tetraploidy.

    • Main Results:

    • Diploid yeast rapidly evolved tetraploidy within 50 days under selection for larger multicellular size.
    • Tetraploid yeast persisted for over 5,000 generations despite genomic instability.
    • Tetraploidy conferred immediate fitness advantages by increasing cell size and cluster formation, maintaining its persistence.
    • Tetraploidy facilitated further adaptation, including the evolution of multicellularity via aneuploidy.

    Conclusions:

    • WGD can rapidly evolve and persist when providing immediate adaptive benefits under specific environmental conditions.
    • Selection actively maintains WGD, overcoming typical reversion to diploidy, and enabling long-term evolutionary innovation.
    • WGD acts as a crucial facilitator for novel adaptations by increasing genetic variation and enabling new evolutionary pathways.