Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Eukaryotic MAGs from the NEREA observatory: expanding the coastal microbiome dataset.

Scientific data·2026

Same author

Adaptive PK/PD model optimization: a comparative analysis of bounded optimization methods for individual BIS prediction.

Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics·2026

Same author

A novel technique of peripheral nerve blocks and sedation as primary anesthetic technique for adult emergency hip fracture surgery: A retrospective propensity matched study.

Saudi journal of anaesthesia·2026

Same author

Rectus sheath block as the sole anesthesia technique for open surgical repair of umbilical hernias: A retrospective cohort study.

Saudi journal of anaesthesia·2026

Same author

Hypotension Prediction Index-Guided Hemodynamic Management on Postoperative Organ Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

A&A practice·2026

Same author

Unusually Widespread Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis From 1,3-Diphenylguanidine in a Surgical Resident.

Contact dermatitis·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Deep reinforcement learning for multi-targets propofol dosing.

Zheyan Tu¹, Sean Jeffries¹, Eric Pelletier¹

¹Department of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing

|March 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Deep reinforcement learning automates propofol dosing for anesthesia. The Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm effectively controlled multiple physiological parameters, enhancing patient safety.

Keywords:

Closed loop Reinforcement learning Sedation Simulation

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Investigating Anesthesia-Induced Sleep Pathways and Neuronal Excitability in Mice

Author Spotlight: Investigating Anesthesia-Induced Sleep Pathways and Neuronal Excitability in Mice

Published on: October 11, 2024

A Guide to In vivo Single-unit Recording from Optogenetically Identified Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons

A Guide to In vivo Single-unit Recording from Optogenetically Identified Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons

Published on: November 7, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Author Spotlight: Investigating Anesthesia-Induced Sleep Pathways and Neuronal Excitability in Mice

Author Spotlight: Investigating Anesthesia-Induced Sleep Pathways and Neuronal Excitability in Mice

Published on: October 11, 2024

A Guide to In vivo Single-unit Recording from Optogenetically Identified Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons

A Guide to In vivo Single-unit Recording from Optogenetically Identified Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons

Published on: November 7, 2014

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology and Medical Informatics
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Background:

Propofol administration for anesthesia requires complex management of patient physiology.
Maintaining key physiological parameters within safe ranges is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To automate propofol dosing using deep reinforcement learning (DRL).
To maintain multiple physiological parameters (BIS, HR, RR, MAP) within target and safety ranges.

Main Methods:

Developed a multi-variable pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) simulation environment for propofol effects.
Designed an adjustable reward system for multi-target anesthetic infusion.
Trained a DRL agent using the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm.

Main Results:

The TD3 DRL agent demonstrated superior performance in precise and safe control of physiological parameters.
TD3 outperformed other DRL algorithms and traditional control methods.
The system successfully maintained BIS, HR, RR, and MAP within desired ranges.

Conclusions:

DRL, specifically the TD3 algorithm, offers a promising method for automated propofol dosing.
This approach enhances the management of physiological parameters during anesthesia.
Automated propofol administration can improve safety and effectiveness in sedation and general anesthesia.