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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2025

Potato Virus X-Based microRNA Silencing VbMS In Potato.
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Potato Virus X-Based microRNA Silencing VbMS In Potato.

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Spatial Regulation of Rice Leaf Morphology by miRNA-Target Complexes During Viral Infection.

Lu Wang1, Yuansheng Wu1, Jialin Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity, Center for Genetic Improvement, Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, Institute of Plant Virology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|March 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) disrupts rice leaf development by altering microRNA and gene expression. This study reveals how viral infection impacts key proteins like OsCUC1, OsTCP1, and OsSPLs, affecting leaf shape and plant resilience.

Keywords:
OsCUC1/TCP1/SPL14RRSVleaf morphogenesismiR156/164/319

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Leaf morphogenesis is crucial for plant growth, but viral effects on leaf shape remain unclear.
  • Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) causes distinct leaf abnormalities in rice, with unknown pathogenic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RRSV infection alters rice leaf morphogenesis.
  • To identify key regulatory factors and their interactions disrupted by RRSV.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microRNA and target gene expression patterns in healthy and RRSV-infected rice leaves.
  • Investigation of protein interactions and subcellular localization of OsCUC1, OsTCP1, and OsSPLs.
  • Assessment of RRSV infection severity in genetically disrupted mutants.

Main Results:

  • RRSV infection significantly altered expression of miR164, miR319, miR156, and their targets (CUC, TCP, SPL).
  • OsCUC1 showed abnormal expression, and OsTCP1 dynamically regulated OsCUC1 dimerization and localization, interacting with OsSPL14/17.
  • Disruptions in OsCUC1, OsTCP1, and OsSPL14/17 exacerbated RRSV infection severity.

Conclusions:

  • RRSV manipulates host factors to disrupt leaf morphogenesis, impacting plant development.
  • This study uncovers a novel viral strategy involving key regulators of leaf development.
  • Findings provide insights into enhancing crop resilience against viral pathogens.