Nanoparticles as an alternative treatment for bovine mastitis-A review

Nanotechnology is causing revolutionary changes in different disciplines such as food, pharmacology, medical, and agriculture. Nanotechnology allows for the development of materials or devices with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that differ from their precursor materials, such as nanoparticles. These have gained significant relevance in veterinary medicine, with the potential to be the future treatment for bovine mastitis. Losses in the global dairy industry of up to USD 35 billion annually caused by this pathology have been determined. Despite advances in the genetic selection of dairy cattle and management practices, the control of bovine mastitis remains inadequate. Antibiotics have been the most prevalent treatment for this condition. However, the residues of the antibiotics in milk compromises its quality. Furthermore, the emergence of bacterial resistance has necessitated the search for alternative strategies for treating mammary gland infections, opening a field of opportunities for the nanoparticle-based therapy. This review addresses key topics to elucidate the potential use of these nanoparticles as a treatment strategy for bovine mastitis.