Avoiding Complication: The Role of Human Factors in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation. A Narrative Review

Maxillary sinus augmentation is now considered a routine procedure; however, it can rapidly become a challenging surgery susceptible to multiple complications. It is widely acknowledged that lack of preparation or inadequate technical expertise is a primary cause of such complications. This procedure can become a source of significant stress for the clinician and morbidity for the patient if not properly planned preoperatively. Despite this, insufficient attention is often paid to the physiological, psychological, and environmental factors that may influence unforeseen and adverse surgical outcomes. This article aims to highlight the importance of the science of Human factors as a strategy to minimize and prevent potential complications. This approach not only encompasses guidelines for the proper execution of sinus lift grafting procedures but also addresses the management of various human factors that can adversely impact surgical outcomes, thereby reducing intraoperative risks and morbidity during maxillary sinus augmentation surgery.