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Stress and Anxiety Among Elite Volleyball Referees While Officiating
Stefanie Klatt1, Lisa-Marie Bea1, Sebastian Brückner2
1German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, Section Cognition in Team Sports, Germany.
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
|March 6, 2025
Summary
This study explored a stress management program for elite volleyball referees. While not significantly reducing anxiety or stress markers, the program showed potential benefits in perceived psychological support for officials.
Area of Science:
- Sport Psychology
- Occupational Health
- Performance Psychology
Background:
- Sports officials face significant stress, impacting decision-making and communication.
- Elite volleyball referees experience considerable officiating-related stress.
- Effective stress management is crucial for maintaining performance and well-being in sports officiating.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of a stress management program on elite volleyball referees.
- To assess the program's effectiveness in reducing stress and anxiety.
- To enhance coping strategies and perceived psychological support for referees.
Main Methods:
- A randomized intervention involving 38 elite volleyball referees.
- Pre- and post-intervention assessments of anxiety (STAI) and officiating stress (BOSSS-d).
- Monitoring of cardiac responses (HR, HRV) during games; program effectiveness measured by QS17.
Main Results:
- No significant changes were observed in anxiety, officiating stress, or cardiac responses post-intervention.
- The Inventory of Quality Sport Psychological Support (QS17) indicated potential benefits of the program.
- Findings suggest avenues for sport psychological support and interventions for referees.
Conclusions:
- The stress management program may offer benefits for elite volleyball referees, particularly in perceived psychological support.
- Further research, including longitudinal studies, is necessary to fully understand referees' stress experiences.
- Sport psychology interventions can be tailored to support officials in high-pressure environments.
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