Critical appraisal of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) are cornerstone methodologies in evidence-based medicine, synthesising vast research to provide comprehensive insights. Despite their value, the increasing prevalence of SRMAs has highlighted the need for robust critical appraisal to ensure their reliability and applicability. This document outlines a structured framework for evaluating SRMAs, emphasising key elements such as clearly defined research questions, appropriate inclusion criteria, comprehensive search strategies and the assessment of bias in included studies. In addition, it discusses the importance of rigorous data extraction, synthesis methods and evaluation of publication bias. Tools like Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), Measurement Tools to Assess Systematic Reviews, version 2 and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) can facilitate appraisal and help translate findings into clinical practice. By identifying knowledge gaps and methodological strengths or weaknesses, critical appraisal enhances the quality of SRMAs and safeguards their role in guiding evidence-based decision-making.