Training modalities for elder sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Hao Qiu1, Wanxia Zheng2, Xi Zhou3
1Department of Critical Care Medicine & Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
Frontiers in Nutrition
|March 6, 2025
Summary
Multicomponent training (MCT) significantly improves body composition and gait speed in older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO). Resistance training (RT) is more effective for improving handgrip strength and the 30-second chair stand test in this population.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Exercise Physiology
- Metabolic Health
Background:
- Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a complex condition in older adults, combining age-related obesity with muscle loss (sarcopenia).
- Effective interventions are crucial for managing SO, improving body composition, muscle strength, and physical function in the elderly population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and network meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different exercise modalities for SO.
- To evaluate the impact of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT), and multicomponent training (MCT) on body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance in elderly individuals with SO.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus) was conducted for RCTs published up to March 2024.
- Network meta-analysis (NMA) was employed to compare the effects of various training interventions, presenting results as mean differences (MD) or standard mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
- The Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) probabilities were used to rank the efficacy of different training modalities.
Main Results:
- Fourteen trials involving 955 participants were analyzed. Multicomponent training (MCT) significantly reduced body fat percentage (BFP) more than CT and RT.
- MCT was the only intervention to significantly improve fat-free mass (FFM) and body mass index (BMI).
- Both MCT and RT enhanced handgrip strength (HGS), while MCT, CT, and RT improved performance on the 30-second chair stand test. MCT and CT showed improvements in gait speed.
Conclusions:
- Multicomponent training (MCT) demonstrates superior efficacy in enhancing body composition and gait speed among older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
- Resistance training (RT) offers distinct advantages for improving handgrip strength and the 30-second chair stand test.
- These findings support the customization of exercise prescriptions for older individuals with SO, guiding clinical practice and future research.
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