The Cincinnati DC-9 experience: lessons in aircraft and airport safety

Twenty-three passengers died on June 2, 1983, when a McDonnell Douglas DC-9 experienced an inflight rear lavatory fire near Cincinnati, OH. Evidence of toxic fume inhalation was developed by investigators, demonstrating lethal levels of carbon monoxide and cyanide in the victims' blood. An analysis of the inflight progression of fire and smoke, and the subsequent extension of this following the emergency landing at Greater Cincinnati Airport has been accomplished. This data is augmented by other data from previous accidents of this type. Data from interviews with survivors was collected, including inflight experiences, emergency escape processes and airport disaster management during the emergency. Several practical means of respiratory protection both inflight and during emergency evacuation are documented. Onboard preventive measures in regard to this type of emergency have been identified. Emergency evacuation and modern airport disaster management techniques are codified and described. This recent accident provides information for future adoption by the responsible authorities so that inflight and postflight fires do not continue to cause significant numbers of fatalities. Modified lightweight passenger breathing apparatus, upgraded flight attendant and aircrew portable breathing apparatus, floor level guidance to exits, less flammable and toxic interior materials, improved passenger evacuation information, tailored airport emergency response procedures, and upgraded toilet smoke detector equipment are examples.