DNA/RNA Origami Based on Different Scaffolds and Their Biomedical Applications

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Nanomedicine
• Molecular Engineering

Background:

• Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) serve as versatile building blocks for creating complex nanostructures via base pairing.
• These self-assembled nucleic acid biomaterials exhibit excellent biocompatibility, spatial control, and design flexibility.
• DNA origami, a prominent nanostructure, has garnered significant attention in biomedical research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in DNA/RNA origami design utilizing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) scaffolds.
• To highlight the diverse biomedical applications of these nucleic acid nanostructures.
• To discuss current challenges and future prospects in the field.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on DNA/RNA origami design strategies.
• Analysis of applications in drug delivery, gene regulation, immunomodulation, and receptor recognition.
• Exploration of different nucleic acid scaffold types (ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA).

Main Results:

• Summarized latest developments in DNA/RNA origami design and fabrication.
• Detailed various biomedical applications, showcasing their potential in targeted therapies and diagnostics.
• Identified key trends and innovations in nucleic acid nanotechnology.

Conclusions:

• DNA/RNA origami represents a powerful platform for developing advanced biomedical tools.
• Continued research promises to expand the utility of these nanostructures in medicine.
• Overcoming current challenges will unlock new opportunities for nucleic acid-based therapies and diagnostics.