Dielectrophoresis Tutorial: Inspired by Hatfield's 1924 Patent and Boltzmann's Theory and Experiments of 1874

Area of Science:

• Physics
• Electrical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• The first patent for dielectrophoresis (DEP) was granted in 1924.
• Hatfield's patent laid the groundwork for modern particle separation techniques using DEP.
• His work was informed by Boltzmann's studies on ponderomotive forces.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the foundational principles of dielectrophoresis (DEP).
• To connect historical DEP theory and practice to contemporary applications.
• To provide a tutorial for those new to DEP, drawing from Hatfield's patent and Boltzmann's work.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of Henry Stafford Hatfield's 1924 US patent on dielectrophoresis.
• Review of Hatfield's retrieved Ph.D. thesis from the University of London.
• Examination of Boltzmann's theoretical and experimental studies on ponderomotive forces.

Main Results:

• Hatfield's patent detailed novel sample preparation and electrode geometry for particle separation.
• Hatfield's thesis applied DEP to separate impurities from mineral ore.
• Boltzmann's work provided early theoretical underpinnings for the ponderomotive force in DEP.

Conclusions:

• Hatfield's patent and thesis, combined with Boltzmann's research, form a basis for understanding DEP.
• This historical perspective offers valuable insights for current DEP practitioners lacking formal physics training.
• The study highlights the enduring relevance of early 20th-century work in dielectrophoresis.